What public health concern is specifically addressed by the addition of fluoride?

The addition of fluoride to public water supplies is primarily aimed at addressing tooth decay. This practice is supported by extensive research indicating that fluoride helps to strengthen tooth enamel and makes it more resistant to acid attacks from the bacteria that cause cavities. By promoting the remineralization of teeth and inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria, fluoride significantly contributes to oral health, particularly in communities that may not have regular access to dental care.

In contrast, chlorination, while important for disinfection and controlling pathogens in the water supply, does not specifically target tooth decay. Gastrointestinal diseases are also addressed through water treatment processes, but these are not related to dental health. Similarly, heavy metal contamination is a separate public health issue that fluoride does not address. Therefore, the focus of fluoride addition is squarely on preventing tooth decay rather than these other health concerns.