What percentage of Giardia Lamblia organisms can survive and still meet the 3-log removal requirement?

Meeting the 3-log removal requirement for Giardia lamblia indicates that a water treatment process must effectively remove or inactivate 99.9% of the organisms. This means that only 0.1% of the original population can remain viable after treatment. In practical terms, if you start with a hypothetical population of 1,000 Giardia lamblia organisms, achieving a 3-log removal would reduce the viable count to just 1 organism. As a result, 0.1% reflects the maximum allowable percentage of organisms that can survive to meet regulatory compliance for water safety standards. The other percentages listed represent higher survival rates, which would exceed the established limits for Giardia lamblia removal, therefore not complying with the 3-log removal requirement.