What does the natural water cycle refer to?

The natural water cycle, commonly referred to as the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere. This cycle encompasses several key processes, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff.

In this cycle, water evaporates from surface bodies like lakes and oceans due to heat from the sun, transforming into vapor and rising into the atmosphere. Once in the cooler upper atmosphere, water vapor condenses into clouds, ultimately leading to precipitation in the form of rain or snow. This precipitation returns water to the Earth's surface, where it can infiltrate the ground, contribute to surface water bodies, or transpire back into the atmosphere through vegetation.

Understanding the hydrological cycle is essential for water management, pollution control, and predicting weather patterns. This cycle is fundamental to maintaining ecosystems and ensuring the availability of fresh water, making it a critical component of environmental science and water resource management.