What aspect of public water systems does the addition of fluoride primarily target?

The addition of fluoride to public water systems primarily targets oral health. The main purpose of fluoridation is to prevent tooth decay and improve overall dental health within the community. Studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride can significantly reduce the incidence of cavities and other dental issues, particularly in children whose teeth are still developing.

Fluoride works by remineralizing tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth. This proactive measure has been endorsed by numerous health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association, highlighting its effectiveness in promoting better oral hygiene and reducing dental expenses for families and communities alike.

The other options do not align with the primary intention of fluoride addition. Enhancing taste, reducing hardness, and controlling algae present other water quality concerns but are not the focus of fluoride's role in public health initiatives.