What are the byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with dissolved natural organic matter during drinking water chlorination?

When chlorine is used to disinfect drinking water, it can react with dissolved natural organic matter (NOM), which includes materials such as decaying leaves, soil, and other organic substances found in water sources. One of the primary byproducts formed from this reaction is trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are a concern in water treatment because they are classified as potential carcinogens and can have adverse health effects if consumed over long periods.

The formation of THMs occurs when chlorine interacts with the organic materials, leading to various chemical reactions that produce these compounds. The presence and concentration of NOM significantly influence the amount of THMs formed during chlorination. It is important for water treatment facilities to monitor and manage the levels of NOM and chlorine to minimize the formation of harmful byproducts while ensuring effective disinfection.

Other options listed do not relate directly to the byproducts formed from chlorine reacting with NOM. Chloramines, for instance, are formed when chlorine reacts with ammonia in the water rather than NOM. Ammonia is a naturally occurring substance, but it does not represent a byproduct of chlorine and NOM interaction. Sodium hypochlorite is a chlorine compound used as a disinfectant and does not arise from the reaction of chlorine with NOM either.